The Future in Islam: Rooted in the Quran

Islam is a religion deeply grounded in timeless principles while also offering clear guidance about the future—both personal and collective. Unlike speculative futurism based on technology or political predictions, Islam’s view of the future is anchored in revelation, particularly the Qur’an, which Muslims believe is the literal word of God (Allah). In this sacred text, the future is not merely a mystery to be unveiled, but a moral and spiritual reality that believers are meant to prepare for.

From the coming of the Day of Judgment to the signs of the Last Hour, from the ethical decisions shaping society today to the vision of eternal life hereafter, Islam presents a future that is as much about character and accountability as it is about cosmic destiny. This article explores how the future is conceptualized in Islam and how it remains firmly rooted in the Qur’anic worldview.

---

1. The Qur’an as the Source of Future Knowledge

The Qur’an is not a speculative book of predictions or astrology. Rather, it presents a divine framework for understanding time, history, and ultimate reality. The future in Islam is revealed with clarity in matters that affect the soul and society, but deliberately leaves worldly specifics ambiguous, reminding believers that only Allah has full knowledge of what is to come.

“Say: None in the heavens and earth knows the unseen except Allah.” (Qur’an 27:65)

This verse emphasizes the humility with which Muslims are to approach the future—with trust in God’s wisdom, not arrogant certainty. While some future events are foretold, such as the resurrection or the final reckoning, much is left open to allow human responsibility and free will to unfold.

---

2. Eschatology: The Day of Judgment and the Hereafter

One of the most powerful ways the Qur’an speaks of the future is through its vivid descriptions of the afterlife and the Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyamah). This is not abstract theology—it’s central to how Muslims are to live in the present.

The Qur’an repeatedly calls attention to the transient nature of worldly life and the permanence of the Hereafter:

“Every soul will taste death. And you will only be given your [full] compensation on the Day of Resurrection.” (Qur’an 3:185)

The Day of Judgment is presented as a moment of absolute justice, where every action—no matter how small—is weighed, and each person is rewarded or punished accordingly. This eschatological vision encourages moral responsibility and deters injustice, oppression, and selfishness in the present.

Paradise (Jannah) and Hellfire (Jahannam) are not only metaphysical realities but also symbols of divine mercy and justice, respectively. The Qur’an often describes both in vivid, sensory terms to appeal to human imagination and drive ethical behavior.

---

3. Signs of the Last Day: Future Warnings

The Qur’an and Hadith literature also contain references to signs that will precede the Day of Judgment. These signs, both major and minor, form a part of Islamic eschatology (Ilm al-Akhirah) and serve as reminders for spiritual vigilance.

Some of the Qur’anic signs include:

• Widespread corruption and moral decay.

• The loss of trust and proliferation of dishonesty.

• The emergence of Gog and Magog (Ya’juj and Ma’juj).

• The coming of the Beast of the Earth (Dabbah).

• The sun rising from the west, reversing natural law.

While many of these signs are elaborated upon in Hadith, their Qur’anic basis roots them in divine revelation, not myth. The purpose is not to incite fear or fascination with the apocalyptic, but to awaken the soul to prepare for meeting Allah.

“The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has split.” (Qur’an 54:1)

Muslims are taught that these signs should inspire repentance, increased worship, and attention to spiritual development—not panic or despair.

---

4. The Role of the Believer: Living for the Future

Islam teaches that while the future—especially the Hereafter—is important, preparation for it begins now. The Qur’an repeatedly emphasizes the importance of:

• Prayer (Salah),

• Charity (Zakat),

• Fasting (Sawm),

• Good conduct and patience,

• Seeking knowledge,

• Upholding justice and mercy.

The future is not detached from human action; it is shaped by how individuals respond to divine guidance in the present. The Qur’an uses examples from past nations and prophets to show how people’s destinies changed based on obedience or defiance. These narratives serve as both warnings and inspirations.

“Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves.” (Qur’an 13:11)

This verse beautifully illustrates Islam’s view that the future is a moral consequence, not an arbitrary fate.

---

5. Technology, Modernity, and the Qur’anic Compass

In a world increasingly dominated by artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and global political shifts, many wonder how Islam engages with the rapidly changing nature of the modern future. While the Qur’an doesn’t speak of technologies by name, it provides ethical principles and timeless truths that Muslims can use to navigate the complexities of modern life.

Key Qur’anic values include:

• The sacredness of life.

• The value of knowledge (Ilm).

• Stewardship of the Earth (Khilafah).

• Justice and equity in economics.

• Compassion toward the weak and marginalized.

These principles ensure that Islam remains relevant across time, offering moral clarity in an age of moral relativism.

For example, as humans push the boundaries of genetic engineering or surveillance technology, the Qur’an reminds us:

“Do not transgress the limits set by Allah.” (Qur’an 2:229)

Thus, even in a futuristic society, the Qur’an acts as a spiritual compass, warning against excess, oppression, and the loss of human dignity.

---

6. Hope and Responsibility in the Face of the Unknown

A central theme in the Qur’anic view of the future is balance—between hope and fear, between submission and initiative. Believers are neither to fall into passive fatalism nor anxious striving.

Instead, Islam encourages a life of trust in God (tawakkul) coupled with active preparation—in both worldly affairs and for the Hereafter.

“And whoever fears Allah – He will make a way out for him and provide for him from where he does not expect.” (Qur’an 65:2-3)

This is not blind optimism, but grounded faith that sees even uncertainty as part of divine wisdom.

---

Conclusion

The future in Islam, as envisioned through the Qur’an, is not just a matter of speculation but a call to action, reflection, and preparation. It paints a picture of a just, eternal world beyond this life, while also shaping how Muslims should live today—with purpose, responsibility, and mindfulness.

In a world filled with predictions, forecasts, and anxieties about the future, the Qur’an offers a vision that is not only spiritually rooted but also morally anchored. It calls believers to prepare not just for tomorrow’s technologies or political changes, but for the eternal meeting with their Creator.

Because for Muslims, the truest future is not just what lies ahead in this world—but what awaits beyond it.

Sunni Muslims will invade Iran (Persia) from the Shiite Muslims in the End-times, according to a Hadith of the Prophet, Muhammad

In Islamic eschatology, various hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) describe events leading up to the Day of Judgment. Among these, some narrations suggest a significant conflict involving Sunni Muslims and a Shiite-led force in Iran (historically known as Persia). This article examines these narrations, their interpretations, and the implications for understanding Sunni-Shia relations in the context of end-times prophecies.​

---

The Prophetic Narrations

Several hadiths from Sahih Muslim and other collections mention a military force from the East, often associated with Khorasan (a historical region encompassing parts of present-day Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia). These narrations describe a group that will rise to support the Mahdi, the prophesied redeemer in Islamic tradition.​

One such narration states:​

"There will come from the East a group of people who will support the Mahdi, and they will be the best of people on the face of the earth at that time."​

While the specific identity of this group is not detailed in the hadith, some interpretations suggest they may be Sunni Muslims from regions like Khorasan.​

---

The Role of Iran in Islamic Eschatology

Iran holds a significant place in Islamic eschatological narratives. It is often depicted as the location where the Dajjal (the Antichrist) will appear, leading to a climactic battle between good and evil forces. Some narrations specify that the Dajjal will emerge from Isfahan, a major city in Iran, accompanied by a following of 70,000 Jews. This has led to interpretations suggesting that a major conflict will occur between the forces of the East and Iran in the end times.​

---

Sunni-Shia Dynamics in the Context of End-Times Prophecies

The relationship between Sunni and Shia Muslims has historically been complex, marked by theological differences and political conflicts. In the context of end-times prophecies, some interpretations suggest that the Sunni-led forces from the East will confront a Shiite-led force in Iran. This perspective is based on the assumption that the group from the East, supporting the Mahdi, will engage in a significant battle with the forces in Iran, which are often associated with Shiite leadership.​

However, it's important to note that these interpretations are speculative and not universally accepted among scholars. Many Islamic scholars caution against making definitive claims about the identities of the groups involved in these prophecies, emphasizing that such matters are known only to Allah.​

---

The Importance of Caution in Interpretation

Islamic teachings emphasize the importance of caution when interpreting eschatological narratives. The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said:​

"Do not speak about the unseen except what has been revealed to you."​

This guidance underscores the need for humility and restraint in discussing matters related to the end times. While hadiths provide insights into future events, their meanings can be complex and multifaceted. Therefore, interpretations should be approached with care and a recognition of the limitations of human understanding.​

---

Conclusion

The hadiths concerning a conflict involving Sunni Muslims and a Shiite-led force in Iran during the end times are part of a broader eschatological narrative in Islamic tradition. While these narrations have been interpreted by some to suggest a significant battle, it's crucial to approach such interpretations with caution. Islamic teachings encourage believers to focus on righteousness, unity, and preparation for the Hereafter, rather than speculating about future conflicts. Ultimately, the specifics of end-times events are known only to Allah, and Muslims are advised to seek knowledge with humility and a commitment to peace and understanding.​

The Dajjal, Zionism, and the End-Times: A Look at Eschatological Narratives in Islamic Thought

In Islamic eschatology, the emergence of the Dajjal—commonly referred to as the Antichrist—is one of the most significant and feared signs of the Last Day. He is depicted as a great deceiver who will mislead humanity, claim divinity, and wage war against truth and justice. Within some interpretations, particularly those influenced by contemporary geopolitics, there are narratives that connect modern movements like Zionism with these end-time prophecies.

One of the more controversial themes that arises in fringe eschatological literature is the idea of a Zionist presence or invasion of Madinah—a city that holds immense sanctity in Islam—under the influence or leadership of the Dajjal. This article explores how this concept developed in modern discourse, how it aligns or diverges from classical Islamic sources, and the symbolic meaning it holds for some segments of the Muslim world.

---

Classical Islamic View of the Dajjal

In traditional Islamic teachings, the Dajjal is a one-eyed false messiah who will appear in the last age before the Day of Judgment. He will perform apparent miracles, deceive large populations, and lead many away from faith. Numerous hadiths, including those found in Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, and Jami` at-Tirmidhi, describe the Dajjal’s emergence and his journey across the earth.

A famous hadith states:

“There is no prophet who did not warn his people of the Dajjal… He will appear from the East… and will travel across the Earth, but he will not enter Makkah and Madinah.” (Sahih Bukhari)

This hadith suggests that Madinah will be protected from Dajjal's direct entry, but other narrations imply that his influence and supporters may try to approach or destabilize the city. According to some scholars, this "approach" can be interpreted metaphorically or politically, as an indirect spiritual or ideological threat.

---

Zionism and Modern Interpretations

The term Zionism, originally a political movement advocating for the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, has taken on broader meanings in many Muslim-majority societies. In some circles, “Zionism” is no longer viewed purely in geopolitical terms but is symbolically associated with a global system of materialism, control, and deception—concepts often linked to the Dajjal in end-times literature.

In these interpretations, Zionism is seen not merely as a nationalistic ideology, but as part of a larger system of spiritual corruption that prepares the world for the Dajjal's rule. This narrative is especially prevalent in some contemporary Islamic thinkers who critique modern global power structures, mass media, and economic systems through an eschatological lens.

Authors like Sheikh Imran Hosein, for example, have theorized that modern Zionism and the creation of the state of Israel are deeply connected to the Dajjal's end-time mission. According to this view, Jerusalem becomes a focal point for the false messiah's rule, while Madinah and Makkah remain bastions of spiritual resistance.

---

The Symbolic “Invasion” of Madinah

While no classical text explicitly describes a "Zionist invasion of Madinah," modern interpretations suggest that ideological or systemic influence over the Muslim world—including its holy cities—can be seen as a type of invasion. This is not necessarily a literal military invasion, but rather a penetration of values, culture, and political control that undermines Islamic authenticity.

In this symbolic sense, the “invasion” refers to:

• Cultural influence that erodes traditional Islamic values.

• Political alliances between Muslim-majority governments and powers seen as aligned with Zionist or imperial interests.

• Spiritual complacency, where Muslims are perceived to adopt secular or materialist ideologies promoted by global institutions.

Thus, the "Zionist invasion of Madinah" under the Dajjal is not about tanks rolling into the city, but about a deeper spiritual battle for the soul of the Muslim ummah.

---

Madinah in the End-Times

In several authentic hadiths, it is stated that during the end-times, Madinah will be shaken by three earthquakes and will eventually be abandoned by the righteous, leaving only the worst of people behind. One such narration from Sahih Bukhari mentions:

“The people will leave Madinah in spite of the best state it had, and none will remain but the wild animals and birds…” (Sahih Bukhari 1874)

Some interpret this hadith to mean that the spiritual leadership of Islam will shift elsewhere as Madinah becomes overwhelmed by external influences or internal corruption. In this context, modern critics link the idea of “Zionist invasion” to a perceived loss of Islamic autonomy in its sacred spaces.

---

The Role of Mahdi and Jesus (Isa) in the Final Battle

In Islamic eschatology, the Dajjal's deception will be countered by the return of Jesus (Isa, peace be upon him), who will descend in Damascus and join forces with the Mahdi, a righteous leader from the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Together, they will fight against the Dajjal and his followers—including, according to some narrations, 70,000 Jews from Isfahan who will be among his army. It's important to note that these narrations are often symbolic and not meant to vilify an entire religious community. The Qur’an explicitly condemns collective blame and emphasizes individual accountability.

The final battle, traditionally located near Ludd (modern-day Lod in Israel), will result in the defeat of the Dajjal and the restoration of justice.

---

Conclusion: Prophecy, Politics, and Perception

The concept of a "Zionist invasion of Madinah under the Dajjal" is not a classical Islamic teaching but rather a modern symbolic interpretation of Islamic end-time narratives. It reflects a fusion of religious prophecy and political critique, shaped by real-world events and historical grievances, especially in relation to the Palestinian issue and broader Western influence in the Muslim world.

While it is crucial to study and understand eschatological beliefs, it is equally important to avoid conflating religious critique with political bias or spreading ideas that could incite hatred or misunderstanding between faith groups. The figure of the Dajjal in Islam is a symbol of ultimate deception, and resisting his influence means adhering to truth, justice, and the ethical teachings of Islam.

The Future in Islam: Rooted in the Authentic Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

In Islam, the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) form the cornerstone of faith, guiding Muslims in their everyday lives and providing a framework for understanding the future. Central to these teachings are the authentic sayings of the Prophet, known as Hadith, which are considered as important as the Qur'an in shaping Muslim practice, belief, and thought. The future in Islam—both the individual’s spiritual journey and the broader destiny of the Muslim Ummah (community)—is intricately tied to these authentic sayings, which offer guidance, foresight, and a vision of ultimate salvation.

This article explores how the future in Islam is intertwined with the authentic sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), shedding light on their relevance in shaping the direction of individual and collective futures, both in this world and the Hereafter.

The Role of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Islam

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is regarded as the final messenger of God, sent to convey the final and complete revelation to humanity. His life and teachings are a model for Muslims to follow. The Qur'an, revealed to him over 23 years, is the primary source of Islamic guidance. However, the Prophet’s Hadith—his sayings, actions, and approvals—complement and elaborate upon the teachings found in the Qur'an.

The Hadith literature, comprising thousands of narrations, includes statements on a wide array of subjects: spirituality, morality, social justice, economics, and even predictions about the future. While the Qur'an provides the foundation of Islamic belief, the Hadith offers practical guidance on how to implement those beliefs in daily life. Through the authentic sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Muslims gain insight into their spiritual path and the unfolding of history.

The Importance of Authenticity in Hadith

The authenticity of Hadith plays a pivotal role in shaping Islamic teachings. Not all Hadith are considered equal; they are classified into categories based on their reliability and chain of narration. The most trustworthy Hadith collections—Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim—are regarded as the gold standard for authenticity. These collections contain sayings that have been rigorously verified through a chain of trustworthy narrators who preserved the words and actions of the Prophet (PBUH) with utmost care.

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself emphasized the importance of authentic knowledge. He said, “Whoever tells a lie about me intentionally, let him take his place in Hellfire” (Sahih al-Bukhari). This warning highlights the seriousness with which Muslims are expected to treat the Prophet’s words and actions, reinforcing the significance of using only authentic narrations to guide one’s understanding of Islam.

The Future of the Muslim Ummah According to the Prophet’s Sayings

One of the primary ways in which the authentic sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) provide insight into the future is through the predictions about the fate of the Muslim Ummah. These prophetic utterances outline a vision of both challenges and triumphs, struggles and eventual victories, all rooted in the faithful adherence to the core principles of Islam.

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned his followers of the trials and tribulations that would face the Ummah in the years to come. These included moral decline, political instability, and wars. However, he also spoke of a future where righteousness and justice would prevail, and the ultimate victory would belong to those who remained steadfast in their faith.

One famous Hadith outlines the future of Islam and the Muslim community in the following words: “This matter [Islam] will continue to be victorious until the Day of Judgment. No group of people will ever be defeated as long as they remain upon the truth” (Sahih al-Bukhari). The future of the Ummah, according to this saying, rests on its commitment to the truth of Islam, its adherence to the teachings of the Qur'an and the Hadith, and its unity in the face of adversity.

Personal and Collective Guidance for the Future

The Prophet’s sayings also offer guidance for both individual Muslims and the collective Muslim Ummah in navigating the future. Individually, the sayings of the Prophet (PBUH) provide a roadmap for spiritual development, ethical conduct, and personal growth. In a world that is often filled with distractions, uncertainty, and challenges, the authentic Hadith act as a compass, pointing Muslims toward the path of righteousness.

For example, one of the Prophet’s most famous sayings is: “The best among you are those who have the best manners and character” (Sahih al-Bukhari). This emphasizes the importance of moral integrity and ethical behavior in all interactions, suggesting that the future success of an individual—and by extension, the Ummah—depends on the cultivation of good character, kindness, and sincerity.

Moreover, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also provided practical advice for everyday living. His teachings on family life, social justice, and the pursuit of knowledge are central to ensuring that Muslims remain spiritually grounded and engaged in the welfare of society. For example, he said, “Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim” (Sunan Ibn Majah), underscoring the value of education and intellectual pursuit in building a prosperous future.

The Prophetic Vision of the End Times

A significant aspect of the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) teachings about the future involves the concept of the end of times, known as Akhir al-Zaman. These predictions are not meant to create fear or anxiety, but rather to serve as a reminder to Muslims of the transient nature of this world and the importance of preparing for the Hereafter.

The Prophet (PBUH) spoke in detail about the signs of the coming of the Day of Judgment, which include widespread corruption, the appearance of the Dajjal (Antichrist), the return of Prophet Isa (Jesus), and the ultimate triumph of truth over falsehood. While the exact time of these events is unknown, the Prophet (PBUH) emphasized that Muslims should remain vigilant, committed to their faith, and ready for the challenges that may arise.

One well-known Hadith states, “The Hour will not be established until knowledge is taken away, earthquakes will increase, time will pass quickly, tribulations will appear, and there will be much hatred” (Sahih Muslim). This prediction highlights the spiritual and moral decay that will precede the final hour, urging Muslims to stay steadfast in their practice and to seek knowledge, piety, and unity in the face of adversity.

A Future of Justice and Peace

While the end times in Islam are marked by turmoil and trials, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also foretold a time of peace and justice that will come after the final victory of truth. In the Hadith, it is reported that when Prophet Isa (PBUH) returns, he will bring justice to the world and destroy the forces of evil. This marks a period of global peace, where righteousness will prevail and Islam will flourish.

In the Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “There will come a time when the earth will be filled with justice as it was filled with injustice” (Sahih Muslim). This vision of the future offers hope to Muslims, assuring them that despite the struggles and challenges of the present, a time will come when justice will triumph, and the world will be restored to a state of balance and peace under the guidance of Islamic principles.

Conclusion: A Future Based on the Prophet’s Teachings

The future in Islam is deeply intertwined with the authentic sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). His teachings offer a comprehensive framework for understanding the present and preparing for the future, both individually and collectively. Whether in terms of personal development, societal justice, or the ultimate victory of truth over falsehood, the Prophet’s sayings provide the direction and guidance needed to navigate the complexities of the modern world.

For Muslims, the future is not simply about worldly success, but about spiritual growth, adherence to justice, and the preparation for the Hereafter. By following the authentic teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Muslims are not only equipped to face the challenges of this life but also to build a future rooted in faith, integrity, and righteousness. The future in Islam, therefore, is a journey that leads to both individual fulfillment and the collective success of the Muslim Ummah, guided by the timeless wisdom of the Prophet’s authentic sayings.

The Next World Order by Ahmad Thomson: A Vision for Global Transformation

In a rapidly changing world marked by political upheaval, economic uncertainty, and cultural divisions, many have called for a reimagining of the global order. Ahmad Thomson’s The Next World Order presents a unique and thought-provoking perspective on the future of humanity. Published in 2005, Thomson's work offers a blend of philosophical, spiritual, and political analysis, proposing that humanity stands at a crossroads and must adopt new paradigms to overcome current challenges and create a better future. In this article, we will explore the core ideas presented in The Next World Order, examining the author’s critique of modern society, his vision for the future, and the principles he believes must guide humanity toward a more just, harmonious, and sustainable world.

Who is Ahmad Thomson?

Ahmad Thomson is a British author, lecturer, and scholar known for his work in the areas of Islamic thought, spirituality, and philosophy. He has a diverse academic background and is an advocate for the integration of spirituality into modern life. Thomson’s work often explores the intersection of religion, politics, and philosophy, with a particular focus on the teachings of Islam and how they can inform global governance and personal development. The Next World Order is one of his most prominent works, in which he addresses global issues through the lens of Islamic principles while also engaging with contemporary political and economic systems.

The Crises of the Modern World

In The Next World Order, Thomson argues that the world is facing multiple crises that stem from a deep moral and spiritual malaise within global society. These crises, he believes, are not only political and economic in nature but also rooted in a profound loss of meaning and purpose in the lives of individuals and nations. The book critiques the Western-centric global order that has dominated the last few centuries, particularly focusing on the exploitative nature of capitalism, the destructive impact of imperialism, and the erosion of spiritual values.

According to Thomson, modern civilization has become excessively materialistic and self-centered, fostering an environment where human beings are disconnected from their spiritual essence and from the natural world. This, he contends, has led to widespread inequality, environmental degradation, and a general sense of disillusionment among people around the world. The existing global order, driven by power, greed, and consumerism, is unsustainable and unjust. As the world grapples with these challenges, the need for a new global framework becomes ever more urgent.

A Spiritual and Ethical Revolution

Thomson’s solution to these crises is rooted in a spiritual and ethical revolution. He calls for a global transformation that prioritizes spiritual values over materialism, justice over power, and harmony over conflict. Central to this transformation is the adoption of ethical principles that transcend narrow national interests and embrace the common good of all humanity.

For Thomson, the foundation of the Next World Order lies in spirituality. Drawing on Islamic teachings, he argues that spiritual development must be at the center of any societal transformation. According to him, true peace and justice can only be achieved when individuals and societies reconnect with their spiritual roots. He emphasizes the importance of transcending individual egoism and embracing a collective sense of responsibility and compassion.

This spiritual awakening, however, is not confined to religious rituals or dogmas. Thomson believes that the essence of spirituality is universal, and that it can inform not only personal conduct but also broader social and political systems. A spiritual revolution, in this context, involves transforming not just the individual, but entire systems of governance, economics, and social relations.

The Role of Islam in the Next World Order

Islam plays a central role in The Next World Order. Thomson, a convert to Islam, uses the principles and teachings of the Islamic faith as a framework for understanding global issues and potential solutions. He draws heavily on the Islamic concept of tawhid (the oneness of God), which emphasizes the interconnectedness of all creation, and adl (justice), which serves as a foundational principle in both personal conduct and political governance.

Thomson believes that Islamic principles offer a profound blueprint for building a just and harmonious global order. He points out that Islam, when understood in its truest form, calls for social and economic justice, environmental stewardship, and a deep commitment to peace. He argues that the world order envisioned by Islam is not one of domination or exploitation, but one of mutual cooperation and respect for human dignity.

In particular, Thomson emphasizes the importance of shura (consultation) and ijtihad (independent reasoning) in the Islamic tradition as guiding principles for governance. He contends that these concepts, when properly applied, can foster inclusive, participatory decision-making processes that prioritize the needs of all people, especially the marginalized and oppressed.

The Crisis of Modernity and the Need for a New Paradigm

One of the central themes in The Next World Order is the critique of modernity. Thomson argues that the modern world, particularly in the West, has become entrenched in an outdated worldview that prioritizes material success and individualism over spiritual growth and collective well-being. This worldview has been driven by the Enlightenment’s focus on reason, scientific progress, and human autonomy, which, according to Thomson, have contributed to a disconnection from the deeper, transcendent aspects of life.

For Thomson, the crisis of modernity is deeply connected to the failures of the current world order. Capitalism, imperialism, and secularism—hallmarks of modern Western civilization—have contributed to a global system of exploitation and inequality. Moreover, these ideologies have been unable to address the spiritual and existential needs of humanity, leading to a widespread sense of alienation, environmental degradation, and conflict.

Thomson advocates for a shift away from this materialistic, secular worldview in favor of a more holistic approach to human life. He calls for a new paradigm that integrates spiritual wisdom, ethical conduct, and social justice. This paradigm, according to Thomson, will be the foundation of the Next World Order, which seeks to create a world where the well-being of all people is prioritized, and where the environment is protected for future generations.

The Path Forward: Building the Next World Order

Thomson provides a vision of how to build the Next World Order, emphasizing the need for global cooperation, spiritual awakening, and systemic change. He suggests that achieving this new world order will require a collective effort from all people, regardless of nationality, religion, or cultural background.

One of the key elements in this process is the recognition of our shared humanity and the interconnectedness of all people. Thomson argues that the divisions that separate us—whether political, economic, or religious—must be overcome in order to create a more just and peaceful world. A critical part of this transformation is dismantling the power structures that perpetuate injustice and inequality, and replacing them with systems that are fair, transparent, and accountable.

Thomson also stresses the importance of education in this process. A new world order will require a shift in consciousness, and this can only be achieved through a comprehensive global educational system that fosters critical thinking, spiritual awareness, and social responsibility. Thomson advocates for education that teaches not only technical skills but also ethical principles, empathy, and a deep understanding of the interconnectedness of all life.

Furthermore, the Next World Order calls for a profound reimagining of the global economic system. Thomson criticizes the greed-driven, profit-maximized model of capitalism and advocates for an economic system that prioritizes human dignity, equitable distribution of resources, and sustainability. This system would be rooted in the values of justice and fairness, ensuring that no one is left behind, and that the needs of the most vulnerable are met.

Conclusion: A Vision of Hope and Transformation

The Next World Order by Ahmad Thomson presents a compelling and hopeful vision for the future of humanity. In a world where global challenges seem insurmountable, Thomson offers a roadmap for change that is rooted in spirituality, justice, and cooperation. His vision calls for a fundamental shift in the way we think about wealth, power, and governance, and it emphasizes the need for a collective effort to build a more just and sustainable world.

Thomson’s work challenges us to rethink the priorities of modern civilization and to embrace a new paradigm that integrates ethical values with practical action. Whether or not one agrees with all of his conclusions, his book provides a powerful call to action—a reminder that the future of our world depends on our willingness to transform our minds, hearts, and systems in order to create a more just, peaceful, and harmonious global order.

Books by Francis Fukuyama: An Intellectual Journey Through Politics, History, and Human Nature

Francis Fukuyama, one of the most influential political scientists and intellectuals of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, has authored numerous books that address critical issues surrounding politics, history, economics, and human nature. His work has shaped and challenged the way we think about democracy, governance, and societal progress. Through his career, Fukuyama has written extensively on the development of political institutions, the role of culture in shaping societies, and the eventual trajectory of political evolution. This article explores the key works of Francis Fukuyama, offering insights into his intellectual journey and contributions to the field of political science.

1. The End of History and the Last Man (1992)

Fukuyama's most famous and controversial book, The End of History and the Last Man, published in 1992, is a seminal work in political philosophy that argues for the triumph of liberal democracy as the final form of human government. Fukuyama's thesis posits that with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism, liberal democracy had emerged as the definitive political system for the modern world, representing the culmination of ideological evolution. He argued that the ideological battle between competing systems, such as liberal democracy and communism, had been definitively won by the former.

The book was inspired by the political and ideological shifts that followed the fall of the Soviet Union and the disintegration of communism in Eastern Europe. Fukuyama drew heavily on Hegelian philosophy, suggesting that human history could be understood as a dialectical process, where each ideological phase led to the next, culminating in the realization of freedom and individual rights through liberal democracy. For Fukuyama, the “end of history” did not mean the cessation of events but rather the end of ideological evolution, with liberal democracy being the final destination of human political development.

The book was both widely praised and criticized. While many praised Fukuyama's optimistic vision for the future of democracy and human progress, others, including political theorists and historians, found his conclusions overly simplistic. Critics argued that history was far from over, pointing to ongoing conflicts, rising authoritarianism, and regional instabilities that contradicted Fukuyama’s thesis.

2. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (1995)

In Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (1995), Fukuyama explores the role of trust in the development of economic systems and political institutions. Drawing from sociology, economics, and history, Fukuyama examines how social trust—defined as the willingness of individuals to cooperate with one another for mutual benefit—shapes the functioning of economies and the success of societies.

Fukuyama argues that high levels of trust within a society are essential for the creation of prosperous economies and stable political systems. Trust reduces transaction costs, promotes cooperation, and facilitates the establishment of legal and institutional frameworks. In contrast, societies with low levels of trust struggle with corruption, inefficiency, and economic stagnation.

A key insight from the book is Fukuyama’s distinction between different types of trust: personal trust (between individuals), organizational trust (within firms or institutions), and institutional trust (in the broader political system). He argues that successful societies, such as those in Western Europe and East Asia, have built strong institutional frameworks that foster trust among citizens and enable long-term economic growth. Conversely, societies with weak institutions and high levels of distrust tend to suffer from social fragmentation and economic decline.

In this book, Fukuyama examines the relationship between trust and the development of capitalism, showing how certain cultural values, including strong family ties, civic engagement, and shared ethical norms, are critical for the creation of a thriving capitalist economy.

3. The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order (1999)

In The Great Disruption (1999), Fukuyama argues that Western societies were undergoing a fundamental shift in their social order, which was driven by changes in family structures, gender roles, and the decline of traditional norms. He calls this shift “the great disruption” and believes it is the result of technological, economic, and social changes that began in the 1960s.

Fukuyama explores how the collapse of traditional family structures, the rise of individualism, and changes in societal norms around gender, marriage, and sexual behavior have disrupted the social fabric of Western societies. He suggests that these changes have led to rising levels of social disintegration, including increased crime, drug addiction, and a decline in civic participation.

However, Fukuyama does not believe that this disruption is necessarily negative. He argues that societies can adapt and create new forms of social order, just as they did in the past after periods of social upheaval. He emphasizes the need for a balance between individual rights and social obligations, arguing that the resurgence of social norms and community values could be key to overcoming the challenges posed by the great disruption.

One of the key themes in The Great Disruption is the role of human nature in shaping social behavior. Fukuyama explores how human beings are hardwired for social cooperation but also prone to individualistic tendencies. This tension between individual desires and collective well-being, he argues, is a central challenge for modern societies.

4. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution (2002)

In Our Posthuman Future (2002), Fukuyama tackles one of the most pressing concerns of the 21st century: the rapid advancements in biotechnology and their potential to alter the fundamental nature of humanity. Fukuyama examines the implications of genetic engineering, cloning, and other biotechnological innovations on human nature, society, and politics.

Fukuyama warns that these biotechnological advancements could lead to the emergence of a new class of "posthuman" beings, whose abilities and characteristics are radically enhanced through genetic modification and other forms of biological intervention. He expresses concern that these technologies could exacerbate social inequalities, create new forms of discrimination, and fundamentally alter the human experience in ways that are not fully understood.

Despite his concerns, Fukuyama does not advocate for the complete rejection of biotechnology. Rather, he calls for a careful and thoughtful approach to the regulation of biotechnological innovations, emphasizing the need to protect human dignity and preserve the core values of liberal democracy. He stresses that any technological advancements must be guided by ethical principles that respect human rights and prevent the creation of a two-tiered society, where the rich and powerful have access to life-altering enhancements.

5. Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy (2014)

In Political Order and Political Decay (2014), Fukuyama provides a comprehensive historical analysis of the development of political institutions and their role in shaping the modern world. The book is a follow-up to The Origins of Political Order (2011) and continues his exploration of how political systems evolve over time.

Fukuyama traces the development of political order from the early stages of human society to the rise of modern liberal democracies. He examines the challenges faced by political institutions in the face of industrialization, globalization, and the rise of authoritarian regimes. The book focuses on the causes of political decay, including corruption, weak institutions, and the failure to adapt to changing social and economic conditions.

One of Fukuyama's key arguments in Political Order and Political Decay is the importance of strong, adaptable political institutions in maintaining political stability and promoting economic development. He argues that many modern democracies are at risk of political decay due to the weakening of their institutions, which can lead to a breakdown in governance and the rise of populist movements and authoritarian regimes.

Conclusion

Francis Fukuyama’s books represent a wide-ranging intellectual journey that spans political theory, history, economics, and human nature. His work continues to influence debates about democracy, governance, and the future of political institutions in an increasingly interconnected and complex world. While some of his predictions, particularly those in The End of History and the Last Man, have been subject to criticism and revision, his broader contributions to the understanding of political order, trust, and the impact of technology on society remain vital in contemporary discourse.

Whether addressing the triumph of liberal democracy, the role of social trust in economic prosperity, or the challenges posed by biotechnology, Fukuyama’s writings provide valuable insights into the forces that shape our political and social lives. His work encourages readers to critically examine the evolution of political institutions and the future of human society in an ever-changing world.

The Antichrist is Both the Mahdi of the Shiite Muslims and the Messiah of the Zionists: A Comparative Analysis of Apocalyptic Figures

In the realm of religious eschatology, the concepts of the "Mahdi" and the "Messiah" are central to both Shiite Islam and Zionism, respectively. These figures, while deeply revered by their followers, have apocalyptic connotations that vary widely in their interpretations and implications. However, there is an intriguing parallel between these two figures, particularly in the way they are often positioned as saviors of their people or civilizations, and in the fear that some interpret them as harbingers of destruction.

The concept of the "Antichrist" in Christian theology often represents a malevolent force or figure that opposes Christ and ushers in a period of destruction and turmoil. Similarly, in Islamic eschatology, the "Dajjal" represents an apocalyptic figure that brings chaos and misfortune before the final victory of the true savior, the Mahdi. In this context, one might draw an unorthodox but provocative comparison: the Mahdi of Shiite Muslims and the Messiah of Zionism could be perceived, in certain interpretations, as "Antichrists" — figures capable of inciting conflict, division, and the destruction of existing world orders. While this view is not mainstream, it arises from examining the potential consequences of these figures coming to power within their respective religious or ideological contexts.

The Mahdi: The Shiite Muslim Savior

In Shiite Islam, the Mahdi is a central eschatological figure. Shiite Muslims believe that the Mahdi is the twelfth and final Imam, who went into occultation (disappeared from the physical world) in the 9th century and will return in the future to lead a global revolution. This return will be marked by the defeat of injustice, tyranny, and oppression. The Mahdi's role is seen as a divinely appointed one: a messianic figure who will restore order, establish justice, and bring an end to the chaos that will precede his arrival.

The belief in the Mahdi is particularly significant in Iran, where the Shiite establishment holds that the political system is waiting for his return to establish divine rule. This waiting period is also known as the "Age of Occultation." During this time, many Shiite Muslims believe they must prepare the world for the Mahdi's return by promoting justice, righteousness, and faithfulness to God’s will.

However, the idea of the Mahdi is not without controversy or concern. Some interpretations suggest that when the Mahdi returns, he will do so in a time of great conflict and turmoil, leading a final battle against the forces of evil. This apocalyptic vision is particularly potent in the context of contemporary geopolitics, where the idea of a global struggle between the forces of good and evil mirrors the complex and sometimes violent struggles between nations, religions, and ideologies.

This violent end of times scenario, where the Mahdi leads forces to battle against the enemies of Islam, bears some similarities to how the Antichrist is portrayed in Christian eschatology. Both figures are seen as catalysts for apocalyptic events, bringing either salvation or destruction, depending on one’s perspective. In the context of global political tensions, such a belief can be seen as creating the potential for conflict — a concept that some critics have drawn parallels with the idea of the Antichrist.

The Messiah: The Zionist Vision of the Promised One

In Zionism, the idea of the Messiah has been transformed from a strictly religious concept into a more secular-nationalist one, focusing on the redemption of the Jewish people through the establishment of the State of Israel. However, the Messiah in Jewish eschatology, particularly in the more traditional views, is expected to usher in a period of peace and justice, rebuilding the Holy Temple in Jerusalem, and bringing about the final redemption of the Jewish people.

For modern Zionists, the concept of the Messiah is often symbolized by the establishment of a Jewish homeland in the land of Israel. Zionism began as a political movement in the late 19th century, aimed at creating a national homeland for Jews in response to widespread persecution and anti-Semitism. The establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 is seen by many as the beginning of the fulfillment of Jewish messianic prophecy. Some Zionists see the return of the Jewish people to their ancestral homeland as a necessary precursor to the arrival of the actual Messiah.

Like the Mahdi, the Messiah in Zionist thought is often portrayed as a figure who will bring about a dramatic change in the world order. The restoration of Jewish sovereignty in Israel is viewed by some as a divine mandate, fulfilling the promises made in the Hebrew Bible. However, just as with the Mahdi, there is an apocalyptic dimension to this belief. Some interpretations of Zionism suggest that the return of the Messiah will be a period of conflict, involving wars and struggles for territorial control, leading to the eventual triumph of Israel over its enemies.

The Parallels: Antichrist as Catalyst for Conflict

The comparison between the Mahdi in Shiite Islam and the Messiah in Zionism is not entirely straightforward, but it can be drawn through their potential to ignite conflict, disrupt existing social and political orders, and bring about a global transformation. Both figures, in their respective traditions, are viewed as saviors but also as individuals whose arrival signals a dramatic and often violent end to the current world.

The fear of the “Antichrist” in Christian eschatology is largely linked to the idea of a figure who brings about a period of strife, war, and suffering before the eventual triumph of good. The Mahdi and the Messiah, in their respective contexts, can be viewed through a similar lens. The arrival of the Mahdi, according to Shiite belief, will be preceded by immense chaos and conflict, culminating in a final battle between the forces of good and evil. In a similar way, some Zionist beliefs suggest that the establishment of a Jewish state — or the final arrival of the Messiah — will be preceded by conflict, struggle, and upheaval, particularly in relation to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and other regional tensions.

Both the Mahdi and the Messiah are also figures who disrupt the existing world order. For Shiite Muslims, the return of the Mahdi is seen as the overthrow of corrupt, unjust political systems. Similarly, in Zionist thought, the return of the Messiah would restore the Jewish people to their rightful place in the world, potentially displacing existing power structures and causing upheaval in the region. In both cases, there are apocalyptic overtones of the destruction of the old order and the creation of a new world — one that is more in line with the religious or nationalistic visions of their followers.

A Symbol of Hope or Destruction?

It is important to note that both the Mahdi and the Messiah are traditionally viewed as symbols of hope for their followers. In the case of Shiite Muslims, the Mahdi’s return is a promise of justice, peace, and the ultimate triumph of good over evil. For Zionists, the Messiah represents the restoration of the Jewish people to their homeland and the fulfillment of long-held prophecies. However, in both cases, the apocalyptic vision also carries the potential for destruction and conflict, particularly in the modern political context.

The comparison between these two figures and the concept of the Antichrist highlights the tension between hope and fear in religious and nationalistic eschatologies. While both the Mahdi and the Messiah are seen as deliverers, their arrival is often envisioned as heralding a period of great upheaval and turmoil. In this light, they represent both the hope for a better future and the danger of a violent clash between competing ideologies, identities, and civilizations.

Conclusion: The Complex Nature of Apocalyptic Figures

The notion that the Mahdi of Shiite Muslims and the Messiah of Zionism can be compared to the Antichrist reveals the complexity of apocalyptic figures and their potential to shape both religious and geopolitical landscapes. These figures, though intended as saviors in their respective traditions, are also associated with violence, upheaval, and the dismantling of existing structures. Whether viewed as symbols of hope or destruction, the Mahdi and the Messiah embody the tension between religious fulfillment and the catastrophic consequences that often accompany the fulfillment of such prophecies. This duality underscores the importance of understanding religious and ideological beliefs in a nuanced way, especially in a world marked by conflict and division.

The Antichrist Is Behind Iran Now, According to a Hadith of the Prophet, Muhammad

The concept of the Antichrist, or Dajjal in Islamic tradition, is one of the most significant eschatological beliefs in Islam. The figure of the Dajjal is a powerful and malevolent being who is expected to appear in the end times, deceiving humanity and leading people astray before the final battle between good and evil. This belief is drawn from numerous hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) that provide insight into the nature of the Dajjal and the events that will precede the Day of Judgment.

In the context of contemporary geopolitics, some modern interpretations of Islamic texts and hadiths have linked the idea of the Dajjal with various political entities. One of the most intriguing and controversial assertions is the claim that Iran, as a nation, is somehow connected to the figure of the Dajjal. Some interpretations and contemporary readings of hadith suggest that Iran plays a significant role in the arrival of the Dajjal, and that the Antichrist may be in some way “behind” Iran today.

This article will explore the hadiths that reference the Dajjal, the ways in which Iran is perceived in relation to these eschatological beliefs, and the implications of these views within Islamic thought and contemporary politics.

The Dajjal in Islamic Eschatology

In Islam, the Dajjal is a central figure in the end-times narrative, often referred to as the “False Messiah” or the “Deceiver.” According to various hadiths, the Dajjal will appear during a time of great turmoil, when faith is weak and moral corruption is rampant. He is described as a one-eyed man, with the word kafir (disbeliever) written on his forehead, who will be able to perform miraculous feats in order to deceive people into following him. He will claim to be a god, leading many astray before the eventual return of Jesus (Isa in Islam), who will defeat him in the final battle.

The hadiths about the Dajjal come from multiple sources, including Sahih Muslim and Sahih Bukhari, two of the most trusted collections of sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. Among these hadiths, it is mentioned that the Dajjal will appear from the East, specifically from the region of Khurasan, which is often associated with present-day Iran, Afghanistan, and parts of Central Asia.

The Hadith on the Dajjal and Khurasan

One of the hadiths that has been interpreted as potentially linking Iran to the figure of the Dajjal comes from a narration in Sahih Muslim. The hadith mentions that:

"The Dajjal will come from a region in the East, from the area of Khurasan. He will be followed by seventy thousand Jews from Isfahan wearing Persian robes."

This hadith is often cited to support the idea that the Dajjal will originate from the East, specifically from the land of Khurasan, which traditionally includes parts of modern-day Iran. The mention of "seventy thousand Jews from Isfahan" has been interpreted by some scholars as an indication that the Dajjal’s followers will come from that region.

While the hadith does not explicitly say that Iran is directly involved in the arrival of the Dajjal, the geographical references have led some to speculate about a connection. This, in turn, has fueled contemporary political interpretations of the hadith in the context of Iran’s growing influence in the Middle East and its ideological position against Israel and the West.

The Role of Iran in Contemporary Eschatological Beliefs

Iran’s political and religious influence in the Middle East has made it a focal point in some contemporary interpretations of Islamic eschatology. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the subsequent rise of the Islamic Republic of Iran, under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini, dramatically shifted the balance of power in the region. Iran’s unique political stance, particularly its opposition to Israel and its support for Shia Islam, has attracted the attention of both Islamic scholars and political commentators.

Some modern interpretations of Islamic prophecy have linked Iran’s political stance to the appearance of the Dajjal. For example, the Iranian regime’s rhetoric, which frequently frames the struggle against the West and Israel as a battle for justice, has led some to draw comparisons between the Dajjal’s false claims of justice and the Iranian regime’s actions. Some have argued that the Dajjal will be connected to forces that present themselves as champions of justice but are, in fact, agents of deception.

Additionally, Iran’s support for groups such as Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine has contributed to its image as a major player in the ideological and political battles of the region. For those who believe in an eschatological connection, Iran’s stance against Israel—often viewed as a proxy conflict between good and evil—can be seen as playing into the narrative of the Dajjal’s rise, with the eventual defeat of the Antichrist being portrayed as the triumph of righteousness over the forces of deception.

The Antichrist and Iran in Shia Belief

Shia Islam, which is the predominant sect in Iran, has its own unique perspective on the end times. In Shia tradition, the return of the Mahdi, the twelfth Imam, is a key eschatological event. The Mahdi, like the Messiah in Christianity, is believed to be a divinely guided leader who will appear at the end of times to restore justice and defeat the forces of evil, including the Dajjal.

Shia scholars have long emphasized the need for a purified world in preparation for the Mahdi’s return. In this context, some Shia interpretations have placed emphasis on confronting the forces of evil, which they see as represented by Israel and Western imperialism. This ideological framework can lead to the view that the Dajjal is, in a symbolic sense, associated with the West or Israel, and by extension, Iran’s opposition to these powers is part of the larger eschatological struggle.

In this view, Iran is not seen as being behind the Dajjal but rather as part of the struggle against him. The Iranian leadership's role in the resistance against perceived injustice aligns with the Shia eschatological belief that the Mahdi will emerge from the East to lead the battle against the forces of the Dajjal.

Misinterpretations and Controversies

It is important to note that the idea that the Antichrist is "behind Iran" is a modern, and often controversial, interpretation of Islamic texts. Scholars of Islamic theology caution against overextending the prophetic statements in hadiths, especially in a contemporary geopolitical context. The hadiths about the Dajjal do not explicitly connect Iran to the Antichrist in a direct, theological sense. Instead, they speak to broader themes of deception and evil forces that will manifest in the end times.

Additionally, such interpretations can be dangerous and politically charged. They risk reinforcing negative stereotypes about Iran and can fuel tensions between different factions of the Muslim world, as well as between Muslims and non-Muslims. It is essential to approach these interpretations with care and to acknowledge the diversity of opinions within the Islamic world regarding eschatological matters.

Conclusion

The figure of the Dajjal in Islamic tradition is a complex and powerful symbol of deception and chaos in the eschatological narrative. While certain hadiths mention a figure coming from the East, particularly the region of Khurasan, the connection between Iran and the Dajjal is more a product of modern political interpretation than traditional Islamic scholarship. Iran’s role in the Middle East, particularly its opposition to Israel and the West, has led some to view it as part of the ideological struggle against the forces of evil that will accompany the Dajjal’s appearance.

However, it is crucial to remember that Islamic eschatology is nuanced, and there is no consensus among scholars about the precise details of the end times. The narrative of the Dajjal, like many aspects of Islamic prophecy, remains open to interpretation, and its application to contemporary political situations must be approached with caution and respect for the diversity of views within the Muslim world.